Figure 4

H. pylori induces damped oscillations of p65 nuclear translocations. a) p65-GFP expressing AGS SIB02 cells were infected with H. pylori, stained with Syto 61 and analyzed by confocal live-cell microscopy. The upper panel shows a single bacterium attaching to a cell shortly after acquisition begins (arrow indicates position of bacterium). Graph shows average intensity of GFP in a representative nuclear region of this cell. Scale bar = 10 μm. b) Graph shows average intensities of GFP in other cells from the same experiment, to which one or more bacteria attached at different time points. c) Alignment of normalized average intensities of GFP within representative nuclear regions of the nine single cells shown in (a) and (b). Mean GFP intensity of these nine cells is shown as a black line. While the first peak is remarkably similar, the peak interval and the second peak differ between cells. d) Peak interval of oscillating cells ranges from 40 and 140 minutes; intervals between 80-100 minutes were most frequent. Cells were treated as in (a) and 18 oscillating cells from four separate experiments were analyzed (see Additional file 8 for details).