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Figure 4 | BMC Cell Biology

Figure 4

From: Constant or fluctuating hyperglycemias increases cytomembrane stiffness of human umbilical vein endothelial cells in culture: roles of cytoskeletal rearrangement and nitric oxide synthesis

Figure 4

The topological morphology (A-B) and the imaging of the third dimension (C) of endothelial cell membrane detected using AFM. B and C were zoomed in from the region a in A. The areas b and c in B show the peripheral and central regions in the cell, where the force-distance curves were detected through the indentation force along the alteration of the distance between the tip and the studied location. Scale bar in A = 20μm; Scale bar in B-C = 10μm. The histogram (D) representing the morphologic characteristic was obtained from the scan of the cellular surface (B and C) with AFM. The force-distance curve (E) was obtained with the tip on the cell treated with continuous low glucose for seven days and presented the relative elasticity of the cell surface (approach curve, 2→3), with a noticeable adhesion force (retraction curve, 3→4).

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BMC Molecular and Cell Biology

ISSN: 2661-8850

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