Constant or fluctuating hyperglycemias increases cytomembrane stiffness of human umbilical vein endothelial cells in culture: roles of cytoskeletal rearrangement and nitric oxide synthesis

Table 2 Data of different parameters obtained by AFM in human umbilical vein endothelial cells incubated in various media (as described in Figure 2 ) for seven days

Group	Mean high	R_P-V	Max diameter	Average rough	Average Stiffness
Group	(nm) N=5	(nm) N=5	(nm) N=5	(nm) N=5	(pN/nm) N=300
control	629±189.0	1493±420.3	938±310.7	240±52.3	13.2±0.04 ^#
HG	585±240.1	1140±450.1	879±386.7	217±83.4	13.5±0.05*
FG	479±52.1	923±100.9	900±87.5	199±20.7	13.3±0.04*
HM	502±91.6	1161±416.5	728±127.9	242±135.7	12.6±0.80* ^#
FM	483±123.4	1185±244.0	799±94.4	214±22.0	13.0±0.04 ^#
0.1mM	358±118.6	777±139.4	707±172.6	129±40.8	13.1±0.08 ^#
0.5mM	305±109.5	921±257.8	671±140.5	132±48.3	14.0±0.07* ^#
1mM	211±7.6*	541±81.9*	546±92.0	83±12.4	15.0±0.08* ^#

Data shown in the table are means±SD. *, P<0.05, compared to the control group. #, P <0.05, compared to the constant high glucose group.

ISSN: 2661-8850