Recent advances in live cell imaging of hepatoma cells

Table 1 Brief summary of various fluorescent proteins developed and their technical details

Fluorescent protein	Mutations	Ex. λ (nm)	Em. λ (nm)	Photostability	Brightness (% of EGFP)	Reference
Green Fluorescent protein
wtGFP		395/495	509		48
EGFP	F64L, S65T	488	509	++++	100	[19]
Sapphire	S72A, Y145F, T203I	399	511	++		[11]
T-Sapphire	Q69M, C70V, V163A, S175G	399	511	++	78	[20]
Emerald	F64L, S65T, S72A, N149K, M153T, I167T	487	509	+++	116	[21]
Superfolder	S30R, Y39N, F64L, (S65T/G65T), F99S, N105T, Y145F, M153T, V163A, I171V, A206V	485	510	+++	160	[22]
Blue Fluorescent protein
BFP	Y66H, Y145F	360	442	+
EBFP	BFP + F64L, S65T	380	440	+	27	[16]
EBFP 1.2	EBFP + S30R, Y36N, T65S, S72A, N105T, 117IV, N198S, A206V	379	446	++	53	[23]
EBFP1.5	EBFP1.2 + F145H, H148N, M153A	381	449	++	68	[23]
EBFP2	EBFP1.2 + I128V, V150, D155V, V224R	383	448	+++	53	[23]
Azurite	EBFP + T65S, V150I, V224R	383	447	++	43	[24]
Sirius	F46L, T65Q, W66F, Q69L, Y145G, H148S, and T203V, F223S	355	424	+++	12	[25]
Cyan fluorescent protein
ECFP	Y66W, F64L, S65T	433/445	475/503	++	39	[26]
Cerulean	S72A, Y145A, H148D	433	475	+++	79	[27]
SuperCFP		433	474	++	45
Yellow fluorescent protein
EYFP	T203Y	513	527	++	151	[28]
Citrine	S65G, V68L,S72A, T203Y, Q69M	516	529	++	174	[29]
Venus	S65G, V68L,S72A, T203Y, F46L, M153T, V163A, S175G	515	528	++	156	[30]
Topaz	S65G, S72A, T203Y	514	527	++	169	[21]

ISSN: 2661-8850