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Table 1 Pharmacological agents used to uncover ions and molecular mediators involved in carbachol-induced pigment granule dispersion

From: Carbachol-mediated pigment granule dispersion in retinal pigment epithelium requires Ca2+ and calcineurin

Drug

Target/effect

Concentration

Reference

Verapamil

L-type Ca2+ channel antagonist

10 μM, 100 μM

[29]

BAPTA-AM

Intracellular Ca2+ chelator

1 μM, 30 μM

[21]

Cypermethrin

PP2B (calcineurin) inhibitor

100 pM

[30]

Staurosporine

PKC inhibitor

100 nM, 0.5 μM, 1 μM

[25]

Bisindolylmaleimide II

PKC inhibitor

20 nM, 200 nM, 2 μM

[31]

Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate

PKC activator

1 μM, 10 μM, 100 μM

[25]

  1. Drug concentrations used are justified by the articles referenced. All agents were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO).