Fig. 5

Protein tyrosine phosphatase inhibition impedes PRL-mediated T47D cell migration and invasion. a, b Equal amounts of T47D GFP, PAK WT, or PAK1 Y3F cells were loaded into the upper part of the Boyden chamber uncovered (a) or covered with Matrigel (b) with or without Na₃VO₄ (100 ng/ml). PRL (200 ng/ml) was added to the lower part. Representative brightfield images of the cells migrated/invaded to the lower chamber were taken in 48 h. A LUCPlan FLN 40X objective lens and wide field WHN 10X eyepiece on an inverted Olympus IX81 microscope were used. (c) Na₃VO₄ (100 ng/ml) treatment on T47D cells for 48 h has no cytotoxic effect. d, e The number of cells that migrated to the lower surface of the chamber toward PRL (white bar) or vehicle (black bar) after 48 h was counted and plotted. Bars represent mean ± SE. *P < 0.05 compared with the same cells not treated with PRL