Pannexin channel and connexin hemichannel expression in vascular function and inflammation

Table 2 Pathophysiological conditions linked to connexin hemichannel or pannexin channel regulation. EC: endothelial cells; MS: mesangial cells; n.d.: not determined

Protein	Condition	Regulation	Cell type	Tissue origin	Species	Reference
Connexin hemichannels^a
Cx43	Gram-positive bacterial cell wall component peptidoglycan-induced immune response	Opening	EC	Brain	Mouse	[128]
Cx43	Hypoxia	Opening	EC	Brain	Rat	[124]
Cx43	Hypoxia	Closure	EC	Skin	Human	[54]
Cx43	Acute ischemic stroke mimicking (absence of extracellular Ca²⁺)	Opening	EC	Brain	Human	[35]
Cx43	Retinal ischemia-reperfusion injury	Opening	EC	Retina	Rat	[123]
Cx43	Retinal ischemia-reperfusion injury	Opening	EC	Retina	Rat	[124]
Cx43	Bradykinin-induced inflammation	Opening	EC	Brain	Rat/bovine	[34]
Cx43	Thrombin-induced inflammatory response	Closure	EC	Cornea	Bovine	[129]
Cx43	Diabetes (high glucose/cytokines treatment)-mimicking conditions	Opening	MS	Kidney	Mouse	[132]
Cx43	Surgical implantation of medical devices	Opening	EC	n.d.	Human/rat	[130]
Pannexin channels^a
Panx1	Acute ischemic stroke mimicking (absence of extracellular Ca²⁺)	Opening	EC	Brain	Human	[35]
Panx1	Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury	Opening	n.d.	Brain	Rat	[125]
Panx1	Pro-inflammatory neurotransmitter CGRP release	Opening	EC	Mesentery	Rat	[37]
Panx1	M-CSF-induced HSP-70 release immune response	Opening	EC	n.d.	Human	[126]
Panx1	TNFα-induced acute inflammation	Opening	EC	Diverse	Mouse/human	[45]
Panx1	Thrombin-induced inflammation	Opening	EC	Umbilical vein	Human	[112]
Panx1	Surgical harvesting of vessel	Opening	EC	Saphenous Vein	Human	[131]

^aNote that the connexin hemichannel work has been proposed almost exclusively through pharmacological extrapolation, whereas the pannexin work combines genetic and pharmacological confirmation

ISSN: 2661-8850