Fig. 3

The TNT formation induced by macrophage CMs is correlated with enhanced cell motility and EMT. a Migration speeds of PANC-1 cells in DMEM and macrophage CMs. In each experiment, we measured the speeds of 45 cells. b Invasion in 24 h of PANC-1 cells in DMEM and macrophage CMs. c mRNA levels of vimentin (VIM) and Zeb-1 (ZEB1) in PANC-1 cells cultured in DMEM and macrophage CMs. For Zeb-1, the P-value between PANC-1 cells in DMEM and M0 CM is 0.17; while that between PANC-1 cells in DMEM and M1 CM is 0.34. d mRNA levels of connexin 43 (Cx43) in PANC-1 cells cultured in DMEM and macrophage CMs. All data were obtained from three independent experiments. ***, P < 0.005; **, P < 0.01; *, P < 0.05 (post hoc Tukey’s test) in comparison with the PANC-1 cells in DMEM. e Confocal fluorescence images of ZO-1 and β-catenin of PANC-1 cells in DMEM and macrophage CMs