Fig. 1

Schematic of the study design. For cultured MSCs, the thawed cells were cultured for 14 days, and then suspended in PBS. For thawed MSCs, the thawed cells were cultured for 14 days, cryopreserved in 95% FBS and 5% DMSO for 3 days, and then suspended in PBS without further culturing. The cultured and thawed MSCs were observed by SEM and TEM. The MSCs were placed on porcine menisci, and the proportion of adhering cells and the cell SEM morphology were analyzed immediately and 10 min after MSC placement