Articles

Reduction of pluripotent gene expression in murine embryonic stem cells exposed to mechanical loading or Cyclo RGD peptide

Self-renewal and differentiation of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) is directed by biological and/or physical cues that regulate multiple signaling cascades. We have previously shown that mESCs seeded in a type I ...

Authors: Olesja Hazenbiller, Neil A. Duncan and Roman J. Krawetz

Small molecule modulation of splicing factor expression is associated with rescue from cellular senescence

Altered expression of mRNA splicing factors occurs with ageing in vivo and is thought to be an ageing mechanism. The accumulation of senescent cells also occurs in vivo with advancing age and causes much degen...

Authors: Eva Latorre, Vishal C. Birar, Angela N. Sheerin, J. Charles C. Jeynes, Amy Hooper, Helen R. Dawe, David Melzer, Lynne S. Cox, Richard G. A. Faragher, Elizabeth L. Ostler and Lorna W. Harries

Coral cell separation and isolation by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS)

Generalized methods for understanding the cell biology of non-model species are quite rare, yet very much needed. In order to address this issue, we have modified a technique traditionally used in the biomedic...

Authors: Benyamin Rosental, Zhanna Kozhekbaeva, Nathaniel Fernhoff, Jonathan M. Tsai and Nikki Traylor-Knowles

Honokiol improved chondrogenesis and suppressed inflammation in human umbilical cord derived mesenchymal stem cells via blocking nuclear factor-κB pathway

Cartilage degradation is the significant pathological process in osteoarthritis (OA). Inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β), activate various downstream mediators contributing to OA pathology....

Authors: Hao Wu, Zhanhai Yin, Ling Wang, Feng Li and Yusheng Qiu

EphA receptors and ephrin-A ligands are upregulated by monocytic differentiation/maturation and promote cell adhesion and protrusion formation in HL60 monocytes

Eph signaling is known to induce contrasting cell behaviors such as promoting and inhibiting cell adhesion/spreading by altering F-actin organization and influencing integrin activities. We have previously dem...

Authors: Midori Mukai, Norihiko Suruga, Noritaka Saeki and Kazushige Ogawa

Erratum to: Cladosporol a triggers apoptosis sensitivity by ROS-mediated autophagic flux in human breast cancer cells

Authors: Mytre Koul, Ashok Kumar, Ramesh Deshidi, Vishal Sharma, Rachna D. Singh, Jasvinder Singh, Parduman Raj Sharma, Bhahwal Ali Shah, Sundeep Jaglan and Shashank Singh

Cladosporol A triggers apoptosis sensitivity by ROS-mediated autophagic flux in human breast cancer cells

Endophytes have proven to be an invaluable resource of chemically diverse secondary metabolites that act as excellent lead compounds for anticancer drug discovery. Here we report the promising cytotoxic effect...

Authors: Mytre Koul, Ashok Kumar, Ramesh Deshidi, Vishal Sharma, Rachna D. Singh, Jasvinder Singh, Parduman Raj Sharma, Bhahwal Ali Shah, Sundeep Jaglan and Shashank Singh

The M-phase specific hyperphosphorylation of Staufen2 involved the cyclin-dependent kinase CDK1

Staufen2 (STAU2) is an RNA-binding protein involved in the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. This protein was shown to be required for organ formation and cell differentiation. Although STAU2...

Authors: Rémy Beaujois, Elizabeth Ottoni, Xin Zhang, Christina Gagnon, Sami HSine, Stéphanie Mollet, Wildriss Viranaicken and Luc DesGroseillers

External magnetic field promotes homing of magnetized stem cells following subcutaneous injection

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stromal cells that have the ability to self-renew and migrate to sites of pathology. In vivo tracking of MSCs provides insights into both, the underlying mechanism...

Authors: Yu Meng, Changzhen Shi, Bo Hu, Jian Gong, Xing Zhong, Xueyin Lin, Xinju Zhang, Jun Liu, Cong Liu and Hao Xu

Adenylyl cyclase mRNA localizes to the posterior of polarized DICTYOSTELIUM cells during chemotaxis

In Dictyostelium discoideum, vesicular transport of the adenylyl cyclase A (ACA) to the posterior of polarized cells is essential to relay exogenous 3′,5′-cyclic

Authors: Satarupa Das, Joshua M. Parker, Can Guven, Weiye Wang, Paul W. Kriebel, Wolfgang Losert, Daniel R. Larson and Carole A. Parent

ULK1 phosphorylates Sec23A and mediates autophagy-induced inhibition of ER-to-Golgi traffic

Autophagy is an inducible autodigestive process that allows cells to recycle proteins and other materials for survival during stress and nutrient deprived conditions. The kinase ULK1 is required to activate th...

Authors: Wenjia Gan, Caiyun Zhang, Ka Yu Siu, Ayano Satoh, Julian A. Tanner and Sidney Yu

Dental pulp pluripotent-like stem cells (DPPSC), a new stem cell population with chromosomal stability and osteogenic capacity for biomaterials evaluation

Biomaterials are widely used to regenerate or substitute bone tissue. In order to evaluate their potential use for clinical applications, these need to be tested and evaluated in vitro with cell culture models...

Authors: Raquel Núñez-Toldrà, Ester Martínez-Sarrà, Carlos Gil-Recio, Miguel Ángel Carrasco, Ashraf Al Madhoun, Sheyla Montori and Maher Atari

Loss of pericyte smoothened activity in mice with genetic deficiency of leptin

Obesity is associated with multiple diseases, but it is unclear how obesity promotes progressive tissue damage. Recovery from injury requires repair, an energy-expensive process that is coupled to energy avail...

Authors: Guanhua Xie, Marzena Swiderska-Syn, Mark L. Jewell, Mariana Verdelho Machado, Gregory A. Michelotti, Richard T. Premont and Anna Mae Diehl

Intermittent parathyroid hormone (PTH) promotes cementogenesis and alleviates the catabolic effects of mechanical strain in cementoblasts

External root resorption, commonly starting from cementum, is a severe side effect of orthodontic treatment. In this pathological process and repairing course followed, cementoblasts play a significant role. P...

Authors: Yuyu Li, Zhiai Hu, Chenchen Zhou, Yang Xu, Li Huang, Xin Wang and Shujuan Zou

Stress induced nuclear granules form in response to accumulation of misfolded proteins in Caenorhabditis elegans

Environmental stress can affect the viability or fecundity of an organism. Environmental stressors may affect the genome or the proteome and can cause cellular distress by contributing to protein damage or mis...

Authors: Katherine M. Sampuda, Mason Riley and Lynn Boyd

Impact of the MDM2 splice-variants MDM2-A, MDM2-B and MDM2-C on cytotoxic stress response in breast cancer cells

The murine double minute 2 (MDM2) is an oncogene and a negative regulator of the tumor suppressor protein p53. MDM2 is known to be amplified in numerous human cancers, and upregulation of MDM2 is considered to be...

Authors: Johanna Huun, Liv B. Gansmo, Bård Mannsåker, Gjertrud Titlestad Iversen, Jan Inge Øvrebø, Per E. Lønning and Stian Knappskog

Testis-specific ATP synthase peripheral stalk subunits required for tissue-specific mitochondrial morphogenesis in Drosophila

In Drosophila early post-meiotic spermatids, mitochondria undergo dramatic shaping into the Nebenkern, a spherical body with complex internal structure that contains two interwrapped giant mitochondrial derivativ...

Authors: Eric M. Sawyer, Elizabeth C. Brunner, Yihharn Hwang, Lauren E. Ivey, Olivia Brown, Megan Bannon, Dennis Akrobetu, Kelsey E. Sheaffer, Oshauna Morgan, Conroy O. Field, Nishita Suresh, M. Grace Gordon, E. Taylor Gunnell, Lindsay A. Regruto, Cricket G. Wood, Margaret T. Fuller…

Mesenchymal stem cells and myoblast differentiation under HGF and IGF-1 stimulation for 3D skeletal muscle tissue engineering

Volumetric muscle loss caused by trauma or after tumour surgery exceeds the natural regeneration capacity of skeletal muscle. Hence, the future goal of tissue engineering (TE) is the replacement and repair of ...

Authors: R. Witt, A. Weigand, A. M. Boos, A. Cai, D. Dippold, A. R. Boccaccini, D. W. Schubert, M. Hardt, C. Lange, A. Arkudas, R. E. Horch and J. P. Beier

Hinokitiol induces DNA demethylation via DNMT1 and UHRF1 inhibition in colon cancer cells

DNA hypermethylation is a key epigenetic mechanism for the silencing of many genes in cancer. Hinokitiol, a tropolone-related natural compound, is known to induce apoptosis and cell cycle arrest and has anti-i...

Authors: Jung Seon Seo, Young Ha Choi, Ji Wook Moon, Hyeon Soo Kim and Sun-Hwa Park

Bmp-12 activates tenogenic pathway in human adipose stem cells and affects their immunomodulatory and secretory properties

Cell-based therapy is a treatment method in tendon injuries. Bone morphogenic protein 12 (BMP-12) possesses tenogenic activity and was proposed as a differentiating factor for stem cells directed to transplant...

Authors: Weronika Zarychta-Wiśniewska, Anna Burdzinska, Agnieszka Kulesza, Kamila Gala, Beata Kaleta, Katarzyna Zielniok, Katarzyna Siennicka, Marek Sabat and Leszek Paczek

Variation in human dental pulp stem cell ageing profiles reflect contrasting proliferative and regenerative capabilities

Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) are increasingly being recognized as a viable cell source for regenerative medicine. Although significant variations in their ex vivo expansion are well-established, DPSC prolife...

Authors: Amr Alraies, Nadia Y. A. Alaidaroos, Rachel J. Waddington, Ryan Moseley and Alastair J. Sloan

Nuclear and structural dynamics during the establishment of a specialized effector-secreting cell by Magnaporthe oryzae in living rice cells

To cause an economically important blast disease on rice, the filamentous fungus Magnaporthe oryzae forms a specialized infection structure, called an appressorium, to penetrate host cells. Once inside host cells...

Authors: Emma N. Shipman, Kiersun Jones, Cory B. Jenkinson, Dong Won Kim, Jie Zhu and Chang Hyun Khang

Release of endothelial cell associated VEGFR2 during TGF-β modulated angiogenesis in vitro

Sprouting angiogenesis requires vascular endothelial proliferation, migration and morphogenesis. The process is regulated by soluble factors, principally vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and via bidi...

Authors: M. Jarad, E. A. Kuczynski, J. Morrison, A. M. Viloria-Petit and B. L. Coomber

miR-27b inhibits fibroblast activation via targeting TGFβ signaling pathway

MicroRNAs are a group of small RNAs that regulate gene expression at the posttranscriptional level. They regulate almost every aspect of cellular processes. In this study, we investigated whether miR-27b regul...

Authors: Xiangming Zeng, Chaoqun Huang, Lakmini Senavirathna, Pengcheng Wang and Lin Liu

Intermittent hypoxia causes NOX2-dependent remodeling of atrial connexins

Obstructive sleep apnea has been linked to the development of heart disease and arrhythmias, including atrial fibrillation. Since altered conduction through gap junction channels can contribute to the pathogen...

Authors: Joanna Gemel, Zihan Su, Alex Gileles-Hillel, Abdelnaby Khalyfa, David Gozal and Eric C. Beyer

Focus on lens connexins

The lens is an avascular organ composed of an anterior epithelial cell layer and fiber cells that form the bulk of the organ. The lens expresses connexin43 (Cx43), connexin46 (Cx46) and connexin50 (Cx50). Epit...

Authors: Viviana M. Berthoud and Anaclet Ngezahayo

Accessing gap-junction channel structure-function relationships through molecular modeling and simulations

Gap junction channels (GJCs) are massive protein channels connecting the cytoplasm of adjacent cells. These channels allow intercellular transfer of molecules up to ~1 kDa, including water, ions and other meta...

Authors: F. Villanelo, Y. Escalona, C. Pareja-Barrueto, J. A. Garate, I. M. Skerrett and T. Perez-Acle

Gap junctions and hemichannels: communicating cell death in neurodevelopment and disease

Gap junctions are unique membrane channels that play a significant role in intercellular communication in the developing and mature central nervous system (CNS). These channels are composed of connexin protein...

Authors: Andrei B. Belousov, Joseph D. Fontes, Moises Freitas-Andrade and Christian C. Naus

Cardiac Cx43, Cx40 and Cx45 co-assembling: involvement of connexins epitopes in formation of hemichannels and Gap junction channels

This review comes after the International Gap Junction Conference (IGJC 2015) and describes the current knowledge on the function of the specific motifs of connexins in the regulation of the formation of gap j...

Authors: Thomas Desplantez

Pannexin channel and connexin hemichannel expression in vascular function and inflammation

Control of blood flow distribution and tissue homeostasis depend on the tight regulation of and coordination between the microvascular network and circulating blood cells. Channels formed by connexins or panne...

Authors: Daniela Begandt, Miranda E Good, Alex S. Keller, Leon J. DeLalio, Carol Rowley, Brant E. Isakson and Xavier F. Figueroa

Nuclear envelope structural proteins facilitate nuclear shape changes accompanying embryonic differentiation and fidelity of gene expression

Nuclear size and shape are specific to a cell type, function, and location, and can serve as indicators of disease and development. We previously found that lamin A/C and associated nuclear envelope structural...

Authors: Elizabeth R. Smith, Yue Meng, Robert Moore, Jeffrey D. Tse, Arn G. Xu and Xiang-Xi Xu

Erratum to: Nuclear envelope structural defect underlies the main cause of aneuploidy in ovarian carcinogenesis

Authors: Callinice D. Capo-chichi, Toni M. Yeasky, Elizabeth R. Smith and Xiang-Xi Xu

Hierarchical imaging: a new concept for targeted imaging of large volumes from cells to tissues

Imaging large volumes such as entire cells or small model organisms at nanoscale resolution seemed an unrealistic, rather tedious task so far. Now, technical advances have lead to several electron microscopy (...

Authors: Irene Wacker, Waldemar Spomer, Andreas Hofmann, Marlene Thaler, Stefan Hillmer, Ulrich Gengenbach and Rasmus R. Schröder

Nuclear envelope structural defect underlies the main cause of aneuploidy in ovarian carcinogenesis

The Cancer Atlas project has shown that p53 is the only commonly (96 %) mutated gene found in high-grade serous epithelial ovarian cancer, the major histological subtype. Another general genetic change is exte...

Authors: Callinice D. Capo-chichi, Toni M. Yeasky, Elizabeth R. Smith and Xiang-Xi Xu

A functional endosomal pathway is necessary for lysosome biogenesis in Drosophila

Lysosomes are the major catabolic compartment within eukaryotic cells, and their biogenesis requires the integration of the biosynthetic and endosomal pathways. Endocytosis and autophagy are the primary inputs...

Authors: Anne-Claire Jacomin, Marie-Odile Fauvarque and Emmanuel Taillebourg

Expressed alleles of imprinted IGF2, DLK1 and MEG3 colocalize in 3D-preserved nuclei of porcine fetal cells

To explore the relationship between spatial genome organization and gene expression in the interphase nucleus, we used a genomic imprinting model, which offers parental-specific gene expression. Using 3D FISH ...

Authors: Yvette Lahbib-Mansais, Harmonie Barasc, Maria Marti-Marimon, Florence Mompart, Eddie Iannuccelli, David Robelin, Juliette Riquet and Martine Yerle-Bouissou

Loss of hif-1 promotes resistance to the exogenous mitochondrial stressor ethidium bromide in Caenorhabditis elegans

Mitochondrial dysfunction is one of the leading causes of neurological disorders in humans. Mitochondrial perturbations lead to adaptive mechanisms that include HIF-1 stabilization, though the consequences of ...

Authors: Muntasir Kamal, Dayana R. D’Amora and Terrance J. Kubiseski

High resolution imaging reveals heterogeneity in chromatin states between cells that is not inherited through cell division

Genomes of eukaryotes exist as chromatin, and it is known that different chromatin states can influence gene regulation. Chromatin is not a static structure, but is known to be dynamic and vary between cells. ...

Authors: David Dickerson, Marek Gierliński, Vijender Singh, Etsushi Kitamura, Graeme Ball, Tomoyuki U. Tanaka and Tom Owen-Hughes

A specific FMNL2 isoform is up-regulated in invasive cells

Formins are a highly conserved family of cytoskeletal remodeling proteins. A growing body of evidence suggests that formins play key roles in the progression and spread of a variety of cancers. There are 15 hu...

Authors: Christine Péladeau, Allan Heibein, Melissa T. Maltez, Sarah J. Copeland and John W. Copeland

Prolactin-induced PAK1 tyrosyl phosphorylation promotes FAK dephosphorylation, breast cancer cell motility, invasion and metastasis

The serine/threonine kinase PAK1 is an important regulator of cell motility. Both PAK1 and the hormone/cytokine prolactin (PRL) have been implicated in breast cancer cell motility, however, the exact mechanism...

Authors: Alan Hammer and Maria Diakonova

Aneuploidy screening of embryonic stem cell clones by metaphase karyotyping and droplet digital polymerase chain reaction

Karyotypic integrity is essential for the successful germline transmission of alleles mutated in embryonic stem (ES) cells. Classical methods for the identification of aneuploidy involve cytological analyses t...

Authors: Gemma F. Codner, Loic Lindner, Adam Caulder, Marie Wattenhofer-Donzé, Adam Radage, Annelyse Mertz, Benjamin Eisenmann, Joffrey Mianné, Edward P. Evans, Colin V. Beechey, Martin D. Fray, Marie-Christine Birling, Yann Hérault, Guillaume Pavlovic and Lydia Teboul

Kinesin-2 and kinesin-9 have atypical functions during ciliogenesis in the male gametophyte of Marsilea vestita

Spermatogenesis in the semi-aquatic fern, Marsilea vestita, is a rapid, synchronous process that is initiated when dry microspores are placed in water. Development is post-transcriptionally driven and can be divi...

Authors: Erika J. Tomei and Stephen M. Wolniak

Early changes in the metabolic profile of activated CD8⁺ T cells

Antigenic stimulation of the T cell receptor (TCR) initiates a change from a resting state into an activated one, which ultimately results in proliferation and the acquisition of effector functions. To accompl...

Authors: Clemens Cammann, Alexander Rath, Udo Reichl, Holger Lingel, Monika Brunner-Weinzierl, Luca Simeoni, Burkhart Schraven and Jonathan A. Lindquist

Extra-renal locations of the a4 subunit of H⁺ATPase

Vacuolar-type proton pumps help maintain acid–base homeostasis either within intracellular compartments or at specialised plasma membranes. In mammals they are made up of 13 subunits, which form two functional...

Authors: Zoe J. Golder and Fiona E. Karet Frankl

Specific localization of nesprin-1-α2, the short isoform of nesprin-1 with a KASH domain, in developing, fetal and regenerating muscle, using a new monoclonal antibody

Nesprin-1-giant (1008kD) is a protein of the outer nuclear membrane that links nuclei to the actin cytoskeleton via amino-terminal calponin homology domains. The short nesprin-1 isoform, nesprin-1-α2, is prese...

Authors: Ian Holt, Nguyen Thuy Duong, Qiuping Zhang, Le Thanh Lam, Caroline A. Sewry, Kamel Mamchaoui, Catherine M. Shanahan and Glenn E. Morris

Microvesicles derived from hypoxia/reoxygenation-treated human umbilical vein endothelial cells promote apoptosis and oxidative stress in H9c2 cardiomyocytes

Vascular endothelial dysfunction is the closely related determinant of ischemic heart disease (IHD). Endothelial dysfunction and ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) have been associated with an increase in micro...

Authors: Qi Zhang, Man Shang, Mengxiao Zhang, Yao Wang, Yan Chen, Yanna Wu, Minglin Liu, Junqiu Song and Yanxia Liu

Myc-binding protein orthologue interacts with AKAP240 in the central pair apparatus of the Chlamydomonas flagella

Flagella and cilia are fine thread-like organelles protruding from cells that harbour them. The typical ‘9 + 2’ cilia confer motility on these cells. Although the mechanistic details of motility remain elusive...

Authors: Venkatramanan G. Rao, Ruhi B. Sarafdar, Twinkle S. Chowdhury, Priyanka Sivadas, Pinfen Yang, Prabhakar M. Dongre and Jacinta S. D’Souza

Nucleo-cytoplasmic shuttling of the endonuclease ankyrin repeats and LEM domain-containing protein 1 (Ankle1) is mediated by canonical nuclear export- and nuclear import signals

Ankyrin repeats and LEM domain containing protein 1 (Ankle1) belongs to the LEM protein family, whose members share a chromatin-interacting LEM motif. Unlike most other LEM proteins, Ankle1 is not an integral ...

Authors: Livija Zlopasa, Andreas Brachner and Roland Foisner

Connexins: substrates and regulators of autophagy

Connexins mediate intercellular communication by assembling into hexameric channel complexes that act as hemichannels and gap junction channels. Most connexins are characterized by a very rapid turn-over in a ...

Authors: Jegan Iyyathurai, Jean-Paul Decuypere, Luc Leybaert, Catheleyne D’hondt and Geert Bultynck

Role of connexins and pannexins during ontogeny, regeneration, and pathologies of bone

Electron micrographs revealed the presence of gap junctions in osteoblastic cells over 40 years ago. These intercellular channels formed from connexins are present in bone forming osteoblasts, bone resorbing o...

Authors: Lilian I. Plotkin, Dale W. Laird and Joelle Amedee