Nuclear envelope structural proteins facilitate nuclear shape changes accompanying embryonic differentiation and fidelity of gene expression

Table 2 Measurements of nuclear parameters in wild type and mutant ES cells. Embryonic stem cells were plated on gelatinized tissue culture dishes and treated with or without RA for 4 days

ES Nuclei	Wild type		lmna (−/−)		emd (−/−)		lmna (−/−);emd (−/−)
mean (μm ± s.d.)	- RA (n = 57)	+ RA (n = 65)	- RA (n = 50)	+ RA (n = 34)	- RA (n = 49)	+ RA (n = 22)	- RA (n = 48)	+ RA (n = 34)
x- dimension	9.33 ±2.34	7.73 ±1.43	9.67 ±1.9	8.01 ±2.28	8.75 ±1.3	7.38 ±2.62	8.48 ±2.11	6.60 ±1.72
y- dimension	12.94 ±1.90	8.97 ±1.53	14.27 ±2.32	12.36 ±3.37	12.80 ±1.83	12.60 ±3.03	14.87 ±4.04	11.27 ±3.22
z- dimension	4.97 ±0.95	7.50 ±1.11	4.95 ±0.88	6.88 ±1.62	4.99 ±0.94	5.42 ±1.09	5.59 ±0.90	5.753 ±1.2
Shape factor	0.34	0.62	0.42	0.40	0.40	0.43	0.42	0.44
Volume (μm³)	333 ± 109	271 ±83	368 ±89	313 ±128	297 ±101	289 ±178	370 ±132	223 ±102
P value	*P < 0.0005		*P < 0.05		P = 0.810		*P < 0.0001

Measurements were made as described in Methods for wild type, lmna (−/−), and/or emd (−/−) cells. For the undifferentiated stage (− RA), values were determined in Oct3/4-positive cells. In differentiated cells (+ RA), only Gata4-positive nuclei were measured. Since no Gata4-positive nuclei were detected in lmna (−/−);emd (−/−) cells following treatment with RA, Oct3/4-negative (differentiated) nuclei were measured. The values were mean of the indicated number of nuclei analyzed with standard derivation shown. Statistically significant differences in nuclear volumes are indicated by *P

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