Fig. 8

Co-localization of E. coli BioParticles with autophagosomes is promoted by PgLPS-induced autophagy. HaCaT cells were infected with Alexa Fluor 568-labeled E. coli BioParticles for 1 h. Following phagocytosis, HaCaT cells were treated for 24 h under control condition (Ctr), pgLPS (10 μg/ml), or pgLPS + 3-MA (10 mM), and pgLPS + PMB (100 μg/ml). a Representative fluorescence images of co-localization between bioparticles (red) and LC3-II-positive autophagosomes (green). Nuclei were stained with Hoechst 33342 (blue). Bar = 25 μm. b Quantification of the co-localization of bioparticles with LC3-II-positive autophagosomes in HaCaT cells treated with or without PgLPS. The graph shows the means ± SD from five independent studies. *Significantly different (Student’s t-test) at P < 0.05 compared with control (Ctr). c The graph shows quantification of co-localization of E.coli BioParticles with autophagosomes in HaCaT cells pretreated with or without inhibitors. All values are presented as the means ± SDs from five independent studies. *Significantly different at P < 0.05 compared with control (Ctr), PgLPS+ 3-MA, and PgLPS+PMB (ANOVA followed by Scheffe’s test). There are no significant differences between groups joined by horizontal bars