Fig. 4

Effect of VOA/TMX on body weight of experimental animals. Cachexia is the hallmark of cancer. Continuous loss in body weight after MNU treatment was observed in toxic control (G2). Treatment with a low dose of VOA (G3), TMX treatment (G5), and combination therapy of VOA and TMX (G6) stopped the further loss of body weight like normal control rats (G1, G7). Continuous loss in body weight was also observed in VOA high dose (2 mg/kg,s.c.) treatment which indicates VOA has toxic consequences. G1(normal control receives normal saline 2 ml/kg, p.o.); G2 (toxic control receives MNU 50 mg/kg, i.p); G3(MNU 50 mg/kg, i.p. + VOA 1 mg/kg, s.c.); G4 (MNU 50 mg/kg, i.p. + VOA 2 mg/kg, s,c.); G5 (MNU 50 mg/kg, i.p. + TMX 8 mg/kg, p.o.); G6 (MNU 50 mg/kg,i.p. + VOA 1 mg/kg, s.c. + TMX 1 mg/kg s.c.) and G7 (dummy control receives 3% DMSO solution s.c)