Fig. 3

Dose response of the effects of ceramide on vascular endothelial injury. Hoechst33342/PI double staining (A, B) and Flow cytometry (C, D) were used to evaluate cell death. LDH kit (E) was used to detect cell LDH release. ELISA was used to analysed the level of IL-1β (F) and IL-18 (G) in the supernatant. FITC-dextran was used to evaluated cell permeability (H). Values were reported as the mean ± standard deviation in (A–E) (n = 3) and (F-H) (n = 5). ^*P < 0.05, ^**P < 0.01 and ^***P < 0.001, compared with the control group. Images were captured from random fields of view at a magnification of × 100. Scale bar = 200 μM